The theme of Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun - Free Essay Example

The play, A Raisin In The Sun is staged in 1959 during a time when African-Americans could not be successful in the economy due to the extreme amounts of racism that were present. The constant encounters of prejudices and racism causes them to have to put aside their hopes and dreams to focus on trying to figure out how to overcome the obstacles that are set out in front of them. During these times, the Great Depression had begun. The Great Depression of the 1930s worsened the already unpromising economic situation of African Americans. They were laid off from their jobs, and they suffered from an unemployment rate two to three times more than whites. In early public assistance programs African Americans often received substantially less aid than whites, and some charitable organizations even excluded blacks from their soup kitchens. The Civil Rights movement was also coming about. While we dont see a single raisin in the play, we do see a lot of deferred dreamsthe dreams represent the raisin. At the end, one dream is fulfilled. African-Americans believe in the American dream but do not realize how limited their success is when you are a person of color. Hansberry portrays this by showing the different struggles the Younger family goes through during the times they are in. The entire Younger family has different ideas of what the familys money should be used for. Mama has dreams of moving her family out of their current house and into a house with a yard where children can play and she can tend to her own garden. Ruths dream is very similar to Mamas. She wants to build a happy family and believes another step toward this goal is to buy a bigger and better place to live for the family. Beneathas dream is to become a doctor. She also intends to save her race from ignorance. Beneatha lived in a time when society expected women to focus on building homes rather than their own careers. Walter dreams of becoming a wealthy father and providing for his family like the rich people he drives around do for their families. He frames this dream in terms of his family†he dreams of giving the family what he has never had. He feels like a slave to his familys economic hardship. The protagonist of, A Raisin in the Sun is Walter Lee. His gift is ambition. Walter has the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through determination,initiative, and hard work. Walter Lees, along with several other African-Americans during this time, success was limited. Success to Walter, was measured by how much money a man had in his pocket and what he could do for his family. Others, like Beneatha and Mama, see success as how comfortable you are with your lifestyle. As the date of the check coming approaches, Walter becomes more and more anxious to figure out how the family can use the insurance money to make more money. Walter wants to use the money to invest in a liquor store. The American Dream was often deferred during the time that the Youngers live in. Their prolonged dreams, countless obstacles they faced everyday. All of the familys dreams were deferred. Mamas dream has been delayed since she and her husband moved into the apartment that the Youngers still stay in now. Every day, her dream provides her with an incentive to make money. But no matter how much she and her husband strived, they could not get enough money to make their dream a reality. The resulting insurance money and his death present Mamas first opportunity to realize her dream. Ruths dream is also deferred by a lack of money, which forces her and Walter to live in a crowded apartment where their son must sleep on a sofa. Beneathas dream is deferred because of the money Walter loses. Her dream is also a dream for all women. Walters dream has been deferred by his poverty and inability to find decent employment. He attributes his lack of job prospects to racism, a claim that may be part ially true but is also a crutch. Over the course of the play, his understanding of his dream of gaining material wealth evolves, and by plays end, it is no longer his top priority. Over the course of the play, Walters ambition starts to basically take him over. His money-hungry attitude causes him to spend the money in foolish and crazy ways, instead of doing what Mama intended him to do with the money. She gives him the remaining $6,500 of the insurance money and tells Walter to deposit $3,000 for Beneathas education and to keep the last $3,500. With this money, Mama says, Walter should become, and should act like he has become, the head of the family. Walter suddenly becomes more energized and confident. He talks to Travis about his plans, and he then says that he is going to make a transaction that will make the family more wealthy. Walters excitement builds while he talks about his dream of their future house and cars, as well as Traviss college education. Walters foolish spending of the money teaches one thing and that is that you should follow your dream and take the risk that comes along with it. If you believe in something and know theres a potential risk that comes along with it, you should still follow through with it because the outcome could very well be in your favor. It is easy for someone to give up on something they dream about and face the harsh realities that are set out in front of them, but it takes courage and confidence for someone to overlook those harsh realities and focus on making their dream come true. Walters aspirations push him to strive and achieve his goals. Beneathas dreams are the hardest to achieve. During these times, women were not expected to want to be doctors, lawyers, dentists,etc. They were expected to stay home and raise families while the men went out to get jobs. This was even the case for white families. White women were expected to stay home while the men went out to do labor and make the familys money. Beneatha was proving people wrong and following her original dreams. If Beneatha had settled for staying at home and raising a family, she would be following the societal norm that had been set. Beneatha is different and set apart from the other members of the Younger family because she is far better educated and has wider horizons. Walter thinks she should let her dreams of becoming a doctor go. He thinks she should stay home and raise a family. He wants Beneatha to be a housewife. When Walter and Ruth were in the kitchen, Walter began to rant on about how he was tired of his living conditions and wanted something better. Ruth told him to eat his eggs. Walter went on to say, Damn these eggs!! The quote represents all of the tension tied into their relationship. There is no tenderness. Walter also has his head in the clouds so Ruth tries to keep him within reality. Walter also jumps from dream to dream like Beneatha. He is also confused about what he wants to do in his life. Mama compares her children to the plant in the window. The only way for the plant to see is through the one window of the house. The children are the plant and the check is the window for them. Her children have grown. She has always wanted a prosperous garden and prosperous children. Mama wants nothing more for her children but for them to have great lives and be successful in their future. She wants them to prosper in everything they do. This goes back to the American Dream. They do not have equal rights like the whites in the world. Whites in this time have little to no obstacles stopping them from being what they want to be or going where they want to go. A Raisin in the Sun is mostly about dreams, the main characters struggle to deal with the oppressive circumstances that rule their lives. The title of the play references a conjecture that Langston Hughes famously posed in a poem he wrote about dreams that were forgotten. He wonders if these dreams in the play shrivel up like a raisin in the sun. Every member of the Younger family has an individual and separate dreams †Beneatha wants to become a doctor, and Walter wants to earn more money so that he can afford certain things for his family. The Younger family continues to struggle to attain these dreams throughout the entirety of the play, and much of the familys happiness and depression is directly related to their attainment of, or failure to attain, these dreams. At the end of the play, the family learns that the dream of a house is the most important dream because it keeps the family whole.

What Was the Great Vowel Shift

The Great Vowel Shift was a series of systemic changes in the pronunciation of English vowels that occurred in southern England during the late Middle English period (roughly the period from Chaucer to Shakespeare). According to linguist Otto Jespersen, who coined the term, The great vowel shift consists in a general raising of all long vowels (A Modern English Grammar, 1909).  In  phonetic  terms, the GVS involved the raising and fronting of the long, stressed monophthongs.   Other  linguists have challenged this traditional view.  Gjertrud Flermoen Stenbrenden, for example, argues that the concept of a GVS as a unitary event is illusory, that the changes started earlier than has been assumed, and that the changes . . . took longer to be completed than most handbooks claim (Long-Vowel Shifts in English, c. 1050-1700, 2016).   In any event, the Great Vowel Shift had a profound effect on English pronunciation and spelling, leading to many changes in the correspondences between vowel letters and vowel phonemes.   Examples and Observations By the early Modern English period . . . all the long vowels had shifted: Middle English Ä“, as in sweete sweet, had already acquired the value [i] that it currently has, and the others were well on their way to acquiring the values that they have in current English. . . .These changes in the quality of the long, or tense, vowels constitute what is known as the Great Vowel Shift. . . .The stages by which the shift occurred and the cause of it are unknown. There are several theories, but the evidence is ambiguous.(John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005) The evidence of spellings, rhymes, and commentaries by contemporary language pundits suggest that [the Great Vowel Shift] operated in more than one stage, affected vowels at different rates in different parts of the country, and took over 200 years to complete.(David Crystal, The Stories of English. Overlook, 2004) Prior to the GVS, which took place over around 200 years, Chaucer rhymed food, good and blood (sounding similar to goad). With Shakespeare, after the GVS, the three words still rhymed, although by that time all of them rhymed with food. More recently, good and blood have independently shifted their pronunciations again.(Richard Watson Todd, Much Ado About English: Up and Down the Bizarre Byways of a Fascinating Language. Nicholas Brealey, 2006) The standardization described by the GVS may simply have been the social fixation upon one variant among several dialectical options available in each case, a variant selected for reasons of community preference or by the external force of printing standardization and not as a result of a wholesale phonetic shift.(M. Giancarlo, quoted by Seth Lerer in Inventing English. Columbia University Press, 2007) The Great Vowel Shift and English Spelling One of the primary reasons that this vowel shift has become known as the Great Vowel Shift is that it profoundly affected English phonology, and these changes coincided with the introduction of the printing press: William Caxton brought the first mechanized printing press to England in 1476. Prior to mechanized printing, words in the handwritten texts had been spelled pretty much, however, each particular scribe wanted to spell them, according to the scribes own dialect. Even after the printing press, however, most printers used the spellings that had begun to be established, not realizing the significance of the vowel changes that were underway. By the time the vowel shifts were complete in the early 1600s, hundreds of books had been printed that used a spelling system that reflected the pre-Great Vowel Shift pronunciation. So the word goose, for example, had two os to indicate a long /o/ sound, /o:/--a good phonetic spelling of the word. However, the vowel had shifted to /u/; thus goose, moose, food, and other similar words that we now spell with oo had mismatched spelling and pronunciation. Why didnt printers just change the spelling to match the pronunciation? Because by this time, the new increased volume of book production, combined with increasing literacy, resulted in a powerful force against spelling change.(Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Wadsworth, 2010) Scots Dialects Older Scots dialects were only partially  affected by the Great Vowel Shift that revolutionized English pronunciation in the sixteenth century. Where English accents replaced the long uu vowel in words like house  with a diphthong (the two separate vowels heard in the southern English pronunciation of house), this change did not happen in Scots. Consequently, modern Scots dialects have preserved the Middle English uu in words like how and now; think of the Scots cartoon The Broons (The Browns). (Simon Horobin,  How English Became English. Oxford University Press, 2016)

Why Is Success So Strongly Behind The Idea Of Whiteness...

Why is success so strongly tied to the idea of whiteness? As a child in a predominantly white area, many people said I acted white—along with many other black kids. How is it that as a dark skinned black woman I could act the color white? Well, white wasn’t simply referring to color or heritage rather any and all positive attributes a person would ever wish to possess. They saw my knowledge, my intelligence, my solid upbringing, the manner in which I carried myself as white. Furthermore, my positive traits made me worthy of whiteness. It was quiet bothersome that anything positive made me white, ignoring the fact that many black people were like myself and I was not an anomaly. However, the moment I became angry, did something bad or incorrect, they would say â€Å"there’s the black in you.† This thought process isn’t unique to my small town. Unfortunately, many people think like this. The image of blackness has been painted as disgraceful and negat ive, while the image of whiteness is painted as elegant and positive. Society has socially constructed whiteness as the goal for success, by disparaging blackness. The image of blackness is often inaccurately displayed. For example, texts like Conrad’s Heart of Darkness do much harm to the image of the blackness. Conrad portrays Africans as savages and depicts the land that they valued as worthless: â€Å"Land in a swamp, march through the woods, and in some inland post feel the savagery, the utter savagery†¦he has to live in the midstShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The American Criminal Justice System Essay2916 Words   |  12 Pages14 Racism in the American Criminal Justice System Mia Hayat Antioch University Abstract This paper discusses the social justice issue of discrimination in the American criminal justice system. It reveals the history behind the integrated racism in the system and its effect on people of color. 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Best Buy Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

Best Buy is an international retail merchant of consumer electronics. place office merchandises. amusement package. contraptions. engineering. mobile phone merchandises and services. Best Buy has operations in the United States. Canada. Mexico. China. and Europe. North America histories for 1. 400 of the shops and there are over 2. 600 shops in China and Europe ( Hitt. Ireland. A ; Hoskisson. pg. 57. 2011 ) . In the United States. Best Buy is the largest consumer electronics retail merchant with reported grosss of $ 37. 1 billion in 2011 ( Hitt. Ireland. A ; Hoskisson. pg. 62. 2011 ) . Best Buy has outlasted their major rivals. CompUSA ( 2007 ) and Circuit City ( 2009 ) . in the face of a recession and a decrease in consumer discretional disbursement. With Best Buy emerging as the giant in consumer electronics from a brick and howitzer point of view. they are faced with worsening marketshare to companies such as Amazon. eBay. WalMart. and Costco. Best Bargain must non acquire into monetary value wars with their competition. as it will be really hard for them to vie with the likes of Wal-Mart. It is besides of import for Best Buy to sell the â€Å"shopping† experience. client service. and client support to assist them recover marketshare from their online rivals. The undermentioned pages will assist give Best Buy way on how to vie succsussfully in the demanding market of consumer electronics. Problem/Opportunity Statement Even though Best Buy is the industry leader in consumer electronics. they continue to lose market portion to online rivals such as Amazon. eBay. and other brick and howitzer shops of Wal-Mart and Costco who are selling the same merchandise for less. Amazon presently has an app that allows you to scan the barcode of a merchandise and see what the monetary value is on Amazon. This has led to the unfortunate moniker for Best Buy as â€Å"Amazon’s Showroom† ( Hitt. Ireland. A ; Hoskisson. pg. 57. 2011 ) . Looking at the tabular array below. you can see that between 2008 and 2009. Amazon gained what Best Buy lost in market portion. Beginning: World Wide Web. retrevo. com In order for Best Buy to win in a downward spiraling market. they must acquire back to rudimentss concentrating on client service. cut downing the size of their mega-stores. and increase their presence with Internet gross revenues. External Environment Analysis Demographic Section: Due to the huge array of merchandises that Best Buy offers. there is no individual client profile accounting for a important part of overall gross revenues ( Hitt. Ireland. A ; Hoskisson. pg. 59. 2011 ) . The United States is confronting an aging population and Best Buy should look at offering merchandises and usage selling attacks that appeal to older clients ( Hitt. Ireland. A ; Hoskisson. pg. 59. 2011 ) . With college age consumers fighting to happen occupations in a tightening market. their discretional disbursement has been reduced. Women besides have been increasing their influence and buying power. something that can non be overlooked by Best Buy. Economic Section: The economic lag has affected the concern operations of Best Buy and they are confronting consumer related challenges at every point in the market. Due to the economic lag in the United States. dramatic and long lasting alterations have occurred in the behaviours of consumers. In 2008. Best Bargain announced that all of its corporate employees were eligible for a voluntary seperation bundle in order to significantly cut down their corporate disbursals ( ecoustics. com. 2008 ) . Political/Legal Segment When Best Bargain entered the Asiatic market by geting Jiangsu Five Star Appliance Company. they helped bridge the larning curve of international policies and processs by partnering with a elephantine that was already in the market place. Best Buy is acute to heighten equal chances as it is committed to a policy of Equal Employment Opportunity ( EEO ) and maintains an Affirmative Action plan ( Best Buy ) . Sociocultural Section Because attitudes and values form the conerstone of a society. they frequently drive demographic. economic. political/legal. and technological conditoins and alterations ( Hitt. Ireland. A ; Hoskisson. pg. 45. 2011 ) . A important alteration in the sociocultural section is adult females in the work force have increased significantly over the past twosome of decennaries as seen below. Another sociocultural section that can non be overlooked is teleworking ( working remote ) from your place or an off-site location. The U. S. teleworking population in 2010 was estimated at 26. 2 million – about 20 % of the U. S. grownup working population ( Elliot. 2011 ) . As progresss in engineering make this tendency a world. more associates will necessitate to be better equiped from working from place. something that Best Bargain can surely capitalise on. Technolgical Section There is no inquiry that Best Buy normally houses the latest merchandises that are on the taking border of engineering. Best Buy is extremely equipped with the latest appliances and engineering it requires to ease its client base. Best Bargain introduced a program in 2011 called â€Å"Future Proofs Program† ( which is no longer offered ) . This program allowed the client to buy â€Å"protection† for $ 49. 99 allwoing them to merchandise in their merchandise ( for shop recognition ) if a newer theoretical account came out within two old ages of original purchase ( Bertolucci. 2011 ) . Presently they merely offer this program on nomadic phone service. Best Buy besides utilizes engineering called chink watercourse which monitors their customer’s cyberspace web site activity and helps them to develop visitors’ penchants and likes assisting them understand how visitants use their web site ( Best Buy Privacy Hub ) . Global Section Newly industrialized and developing states are a major country where Best Buy should be concentrating their attnention for growing. Best Buy shops in the U. S. will go on to worsen every bit long as the consumer is being more economical with their discretional disbursement. Developing Countries will go on to take planetary growing and have the best chance for success ( Pereira. 2011 ) . The states shown on the map below in yellow should be a focal point for senior leading at Best Buy as they are presently the fastest developing states. [ movie ] Beginning: World Wide Web. viewsoftheworld. cyberspacePhysical Environment SectionIn today’s environmental friendly deranged universe. consumers and organisations need to be protective of our environment to assist guarantee that our kids and grandchildren can bask what we have become accustomed to. Best Buy launched a plan called â€Å"Greener Together† to assist cut down the degree of waste by using reclaimable packaging and disposing system along with increasing energy efficiency in its merchandises. Best Buy started a run in 2009 ( Best Buy wants your electronic debris ) offering free recycling of all electronic constituents both big and little ( Gunther. 2009 ) . Best Buy is on the right path with the Physical Environment Segment and must go on to be a leader traveling frontward to assist guarantee their success in the industry. Five Forces Analysis Decision The U. S. economic system. every bit good as other planetary economic systems. is improbable to bring forth at the same degrees that they were sing for at least a few more old ages. The lodging market is easy get downing to stabilise. but until it is on a continual upward tendency. consumer’s discretional disbursement will go on to stay low. This in term poses a menace to Best Buy as their merchandises are considered luxury goods and otherwise unneeded – needs versus wants. Best Buy besides is faced with increased long-run competition from price reduction rivals such as Costco. Wal-Mart. and Amazon. These companies will go on to seek market portion and competition will merely go fiercer. Internet retailing besides is become more fecund in today’s society. Best Buy must concentrate on smaller shops ( extinguish or cut down their mega warehouses ) and increase their presence on cyberspace retailing. The two biggest things Best Buy needs to concentrate on traveling frontward are: 1 ) How they can vie with their biggest rivals ( Wal-Mart. Amazon. and Costco ) . and 2 ) How can they derive market portion while consumer’s discretional income is continually being reduced. Execution Best Buy’s consumer electronics comprise 37 % of gross revenues ( 21 % International ) ( Hitt. Ireland. A ; Hoskisson. pg. 57. 2011 ) . With cosnumer disbursement fastening on luxury goods. Best Buy must concentrate on other countries that they already have in topographic point. Geek Squad services accounted for 6 % of gross in the U. S. and 9 % Internationally. Best Bargain must beef up consumers point of views on their committedness to excellent engineering and support services. With luxury passing down. consumers may look to better their bing engineering without buying new points. an country where Geek Squad can assist hike Best Buy’s underside line. Best Buy besides needs to sell the â€Å"shopping† expereience to entice consumers off from internet competitiors. To assist with this â€Å"shopping† experience. Best Bargain must scale down their mega warehouses and give the consumer a more intiment shopping experience. Look at the Apple brick and howitz er shops. they are about 1/5 the size of a Best Buy superstore. It is besides imperative that Best Buy refocus their comittment to supply mid to high terminal merchandises to assist them divide from low cost rivals such as Wal-Mart. If Best Buy tries to vie in pricing wars with Wal-Mart. they will go on to lose market portion to all of their rivals. A solid roadmap for Best Buy to follow can be found within their name itself: B – Best picks in the industry ( Mid to High merchandise choice ) E – Energetic work force ( Sell the shopping experience ) S – Satisfaction guaranteed ( the merely manner to travel to gain consumer assurance ) T – Trusted by everyone ( transport trade names that can present the best impact to the consumer ) B – Build enduring relationships ( guarantee you have repeat clients ) U – Understand the client ( be ready for what the client wants following ) Y – Youthful ( don’t allow the competition sneek up and take you under ) Best Buy has lasted longer than their brick and howitzer shop opposite numbers. They must now recover market portion amongst their on-line competition to go on to be a feasible company. Mentions Bertolucci. J. ( 2011. January 11 ) . Best Buy Launches â€Å"Future-Proof† Buy Back Program. Retrieved January 26. 2013. from PCWorld: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. pcworld. com/article/216497/best_buy_launches_future_proof_buy_back_program. hypertext markup language Best Bargain. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved January 26. 2013. from Equal Employment Opportunity: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bestbuy-jobs. com/bestbuy/equal-employment-opportunity/ Best Buy Privacy Hub. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved January 26. 2013. from Best Buy:hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bestbuy. com/site/Help-Topics/Privacy- Policy/pcmcat204400050062. c? id=pcmcat204400050062 A ; DCMP=rdr2623 # privacy_cookies ecoustics. com. ( 2008. December 17 ) . Retrieved January 26. 2013. from Best Buy Continues To Prepare For Difficult Economic Environment: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ecoustics. com/electronics/products/new/536287. hypertext markup language Elliot. A. -M. ( 2011. October 10 ) . Mashable. Retrieved January 26. 2013. from How the Remote Workforce Is Changing: hypertext transfer protocol: //mashable. com/2011/10/10/remote-workforce-changing/ Gunther. M. ( 2009. December 1 ) . Best Bargain wants your electronic debris. Retrieved January 27. 2013. from Fortune: hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2009/11/30/technology/best_buy_recycling. fortune/index. htm Hitt. M. A. . Hoskisson. R. E. . A ; Ireland. R. D. ( 2011 ) . Strategic Management ( 10th erectile dysfunction ) . Mason. Ohio: South-Western. Cengage. Pereira. E. ( 2011. January 12 ) . Developing Countries Will Lead Global Growth in 2011 says World Bank. Retrieved January 27. 2013. from Forbes: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. forbes. com/sites/evapereira/2011/01/12/developing-countries-will-lead-global-growth-in-2011-says-world-bank/ ***Cover Page Photograph courtesy of Best Buy: World Wide Web. bestbuy. com*** Menace of new entrantsLow to moderate- High capital required ( high stock list turnover necessitating big stock lists. Online retail merchants pose the biggest menace. Dickering power of providersModerate to High – Companies must maintain their stock list fresh with up-to-date engineering from a limited figure of top providers.